If evolution is true, what happens to Adam, Eve, and original sin?

Christians answer this in genuinely different ways rather than having one settled response.

Some maintain a historical Adam and Eve as a specially created first couple even while accepting evolutionary biology for other species, preserving the traditional structure of the doctrine largely unchanged. Others hold a representative or "genealogical" Adam—a real ancestor of everyone alive today, chosen by God as humanity's covenant head, without being the sole biological progenitor of the species. Others reinterpret the doctrine more substantially, understanding humanity's universal sinfulness and need for redemption without requiring a single historical fall event traceable to one couple's disobedience.

Eastern Orthodox Christianity has traditionally framed this differently from Western Christianity, emphasizing inherited mortality and a fallen condition transmitted through human nature rather than a specific guilt inherited from Adam's individual act. This remains a live theological conversation, not a closed question.